Fogging and Space Spraying Fogging is done during outbreak situations or high transmission periods. This quickly kills adult mosquitoes but is a temporary solution.
B. Personal Protection Measures
Much can be done at the individual level to prevent mosquito bites.
Mosquito Repellents
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DEET (N,N-Diethyl-meta-toluamide) based repellents are the most effective. These are applied to exposed areas of the skin. Picaridin and IR3535 are also good alternatives.
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Repellent creams, lotions, or sprays can be used. It should be applied before evening time because Anopheles mosquitoes are active at night. Reapplication is required every 4-6 hours.
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Natural repellents like citronella, neem oil, and eucalyptus oil are also effective to some extent but less so than synthetic repellents.
Protective Clothing Full-sleeved shirts and long pants should be worn, especially in the evening and at night. Light-colored clothes should be preferred because mosquitoes are more attracted to dark colors. Permethrin-based repellent can also be sprayed on clothes, which provides extra protection.
Other Measures
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Window and Door Screens: Mesh screens should be installed on windows and doors to prevent mosquitoes from entering. The screens should not have holes.
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Mosquito Coils and Vaporizers: Mosquito coils, liquid vaporizers, or electric mats can be used for indoor use. They should be used with proper ventilation.
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Avoiding Outdoor Activities: As far as possible, outdoor activities should be avoided between dusk and dawn, as this is the peak biting time for Anopheles.
C. Community-Based Prevention
Awareness and collective action at the community level are very important.
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Health Education: Communities should be educated about malaria—how it spreads, what the symptoms are, and how to prevent it. Awareness programs should also be conducted in schools.
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Source Reduction Programs: Breeding sites can be eliminated by organizing community cleanup drives. Everyone together should keep their area clean.
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Early Diagnosis and Treatment: Identifying and treating infected persons early can break the transmission chain. This is also an important part of prevention.
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