Understanding Malaria: Etiology, Symptoms, and Treatment Strategies – Page 12

Malaria patients require proper supportive care along with medicines, which helps in recovery.

Complete Bed Rest:
- Complete rest is essential for malaria patients, especially during the acute phase when fever and weakness are high.
- Physical exertion can worsen the condition and increase the risk of complications.
- Crucial: Rest is also important in cases of enlarged spleen because there is a risk of splenic rupture.
Gradual Return to Activities:
- As the patient improves, activities should be resumed gradually.
- Heavy work should not be done suddenly.
- Full recovery may take 2-3 weeks.

Adequate Fluid Intake:
- Dehydration is very common in malaria due to fever, sweating, vomiting, and poor oral intake.
- The patient should consume 2-3 liters of fluids throughout the day (if kidney function is normal).
- Recommended: Water, ORS (Oral Rehydration Solution), coconut water, fruit juices, and soups.
- Avoid: Caffeinated drinks and alcohol (they increase dehydration).
IV Fluids:
- Intravenous fluids are required if the patient is vomiting or unable to take fluids orally. Normal saline or Ringer’s lactate are commonly used.
- Warning: Fluid overload should be avoided, especially in complicated malaria where there is a risk of pulmonary edema.

Balanced Diet:
- Appetite is often reduced, but consuming nutritious food is essential for tissue repair and immunity.
Recommended Foods:
- Protein-rich foods: Lentils, eggs, chicken, fish (for tissue repair).
- Fresh fruits: Especially citrus fruits (Vitamin C for immunity).
- Green leafy vegetables: Iron and folic acid (for anemia).
- Whole grains: For energy.
- Light, easily digestible foods.
Small Frequent Meals:
- Eating too much at once is difficult. Consuming small portions 5-6 times a day is better and reduces nausea.
Avoid:
- Heavy, oily, spicy foods (cause digestion problems).
- Cold foods and beverages during the acute phase.
Iron Supplementation:
- Recommended in the recovery phase for severe anemia.
- Important: Iron is not given in the acute phase because it can promote parasite growth.

Tepid Sponging:
- Helpful during high fever. Sponging with normal temperature water cools the body.
- Do not use ice cold water (can cause shivering).
- Focus on the forehead, neck, armpits, and groin area. Repeat every 15-20 minutes.
Light Clothing:
- Wear light, loose, cotton clothes that absorb sweat.
- Avoid heavy blankets (unless the patient has chills).
Room Temperature:
- Keep the room cool and well-ventilated.
- Fans or AC can be used, but direct air should not fall on the patient.
Cold Compress:
- A cold compress (wet cloth) can be placed on the forehead when the fever is high.